When and How to Call the Police in the US Police System?
When facing a crisis, knowing the correct number to dial—and what to expect—can make all the difference. This comprehensive guide explains the difference between emergency and non-emergency police number options, outlines the typical process when you contact authorities, and highlights essential safety resources and how to know your rights when interacting with law enforcement.
🚨 Emergency vs. Non-Emergency: Which Number Should You Call?
The USA police system relies on two primary phone numbers for public assistance: 911 emergency services and the 311 non-emergency police number.
Calling 911 Emergency Services
911 emergency services is the dedicated line for situations where a person's life, safety, or property is in immediate danger and you need urgent help from the police, fire department, or ambulance.
When to Call 911:
Fires or immediate danger from flames/smoke.
Medical emergencies (e.g., difficulty breathing, chest pain, loss of consciousness).
Serious crimes in progress (e.g., gunshots, home invasion, robbery, domestic violence, sexual assault).
Car accidents resulting in injuries.
An active mental health crisis that poses an immediate threat of harm to self or others (ask for an officer trained in crisis response, if available).
Tip: 911 emergency services is available 24/7. If you accidentally call, do not hang up. Stay on the line and calmly explain to the operator that the call was a mistake.
Using the Non-Emergency Police Number (311)
The 311 non-emergency police number or your local police department direct line should be used for less urgent situations that still require an official record or response.
When to Contact Your Local Police Department:
To report a crime that has already occurred and the suspect is no longer present.
To file a police report for non-injury car accidents.
To report a crime like vandalism or theft (where the threat is over).
To request a wellness check on a relative or friend.
For questions about community safety or to obtain a copy of your criminal record.
Caution: In certain situations, involving the police carries a higher risk, particularly for vulnerable populations or individuals experiencing a mental health crisis. Consider seeking alternative safety resources if the situation is non-violent and non-life-threatening.
🗣️ What to Expect When You Call the Police
Whether you call 911 emergency services or your local police department, the process begins with information gathering.
If You Call 911:
The operator's priority is getting the correct help to the right location. They will ask for:
Your location (the most important detail).
Your phone number and name (optional, if you wish to remain anonymous).
Details about the emergency (what is happening, who is involved).
What type of assistance you need (police, fire, or ambulance).
Crucial: Stay calm and focused. Do not hang up until the operator explicitly tells you to do so, as they may give you life-saving instructions like first aid or CPR while help is on the way.
If You Contact the Local Police Department:
Staff will assist you and direct your inquiry. If you are there to report a crime or you are the victim of a crime, you will be asked to make a formal statement and file a police report. You can also ask your local police department if they have liaison officers specializing in immigrant or refugee community relations.
🛡️ Understanding Your Rights: Know Your Rights When Interacting with Law Enforcement
Regardless of your immigration status, everyone has the right to seek help from the police. However, it's vital to know your rights during any encounter with law enforcement.
Right to Silence: If you are suspected of a crime, you have the right to remain silent. You must clearly state, "I want to remain silent and I want to speak to a lawyer."
Right to Counsel: You have the right to an attorney. It is strongly recommended that you speak to a lawyer before answering any extensive questions or signing any official documents.
Immigration Status: You do not have to disclose information about your nationality or immigration status unless you are entering or leaving the country.
If you believe an officer has violated your rights, you can file a police report or a complaint with the department's internal affairs division or a civilian complaint board.
💙 Alternative Safety Resources
If you do not feel comfortable to call the police, there are many alternative safety resources available in your community:
Crisis Hotlines: These hotlines provide trained staff who can offer advice, resources, and emotional support 24/7 for issues including mental health crisis, domestic violence, and other traumas.
Community Organizations: Look for local non-profits, immigrant rights groups, or social workers who can assist with mediation, support, and connecting you to non-police interventions.
Other non-emergency help can be found by dialing:
- 211 or visit 211.org for local community resources, including food, housing, health, and financial help. 211 is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in many languages.
- 311 for information about your city government services including trash, utilities, and public safety.
- 511 or visit for traffic and weather information in your state.
Tip: If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, call 711 for help communicating over the phone. If you are in an emergency situation, you should call 911 directly and not call 711.
Types of law enforcement?
Law enforcement is made up of government agencies responsible for maintaining public safety and order. Law enforcement falls into these main categories:
- Federal agencies enforce laws at the national level. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, and Secret Service are examples of federal law enforcement agencies.
- State agencies are authorized to enforce laws within each state.
- County agencies or sheriff’s departments operate in each county.
- Local agencies have officers in cities, towns, and villages.
Police officers work at the federal, state, and local levels to:
- Enforce state and federal laws
- Prevent and investigate crimes
- Arrest suspects
- Provide emergency assistance